Categories
Science Poetry

Fresh Start

“In kiln-heating limestone, occasion 
Of fresco’s first step: calcination.   
The process, applied: 
CO2 thus ‘excised,’ 
Yielding quicklime for next needed station.”   

The 15 April 2024 Twitter limerick was the first of three sequential verses summarizing the fresco cycle.   The sequence is a fitting theme with which to begin the Spring 2025 posts: fresco is Italian for “fresh” (hence the post title), and this art form is a fascinating one to view from a chemistry perspective, among many others.  

“In kiln-heating limestone, occasion /
Of fresco’s first step: calcination.” 

The fresco cycle consists of three steps: calcination, slaking, and carbonation (also called carbonatation).  While I’ve examined the overall process before, this sequence provided a chance to explore each step in greater detail.  

The first step, calcination, is represented symbolically via the equation:
CaCO3 (s) + heat → CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

Alternatively, the reaction could be shown with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as the single reactant with a triangle, representing heat, written over the arrow (noting here what would be a fascinating tangent on its own: some sources trace this shorthand to the alchemical symbol for fire).  Calcium carbonate is also known as limestone; the more familiar name brings with it the bonus of simpler scansion.     

“The process, applied: /
CO2 thus ‘excised,’ /
Yielding quicklime for next needed station.”        

Heating calcium carbonate to high temperatures, as in Line 1’s kiln, drives the calcination step to the right, yielding calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) as products.  

Calcium oxide is referred to as quicklime in the fresco process, and it will be used in the “next needed station” of the fresco cycle: the slaking step, which is what provides the slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) that will become the actual fresco surface.  

(As above, with the symbolic shorthand for heat, sitting with these terms during a break allowed me to explore an etymological question that often comes to mind in teaching this topic.  The “lime” of quicklime and lime plaster comes from the Old English lim, reflecting its stickiness as a building material, whereas the “lime” of the citrus variety comes from the Arabic limah and Persian limu.)  

Categories
writing

Moving Images

‘Tis two days after Christmas; in drafting this post, 
I’m hearing a meter that’s cited the most 
With poems familiar, in terms of the Yuletide. 
Apply it to films, now, with bit of break school-wide.

The McCallister family: flying to France!  
Leave the house undefended?  There’s nary a chance, 
Since Kevin will battle with Marv and with Harry, 
‘Till Kate finds return trip with polka band merry. 

Next, the otter-led epic on shore of the stream, 
As Emmet and Ma pursue musical dreams… 
A seeming-lost contest yields shared melody: 
“The Gift of the Magi,” when river meets sea. 

Last, a marathon viewing each 12/25, 
Where Ralphie’s narration will keep hope alive 
For the Red Ryder gift with this thing which tells time: 
Another Yule saga, condensed into rhyme.  

A pleasant diversion of holiday means; 
Anapestic tetrameter framing the scenes; 
A trio of stories in metric compliance. 
Happy New Year to all!  And now back to verse-science.

***

Heading through the Twelve Days of Christmas, I enjoyed putting this longer poem together, as an homage to some of the holiday movies I know well, using the familiar cadence of both Clement Clarke Moore’s “A Visit from St. Nicholas” and Dr. Seuss’s “How the Grinch Stole Christmas.”  

‘Tis two days after Christmas; in drafting this post, /
I’m hearing a meter that’s cited the most /
With poems familiar, in terms of the Yuletide. /
Apply it to films, now, with bit of break school-wide.

As noted above, it is a rewarding challenge to match the meter of two of the most familiar and beloved poems from this season, and the longer days of the winter break help make it feasible.  

The McCallister family: flying to France!  /
Leave the house undefended?  There’s nary a chance, /
Since Kevin will battle with Marv and with Harry, /
‘Till Kate finds return trip with polka band merry. 

The first summary is that of Home Alone.  Protagonist Kevin McCallister defends his family home from two hapless burglars, Harry and Marv, when he is accidentally left behind from a family vacation to Paris. 

Interspersed with the scenes of Kevin’s adventures is the tale of Kevin’s mother, Kate, braving several airport misadventures as she travels back home to Kevin.  She finds a ride with a polka band for the last stretch of her odyssey, home to Chicago (by way of Scranton).    

Next, the otter-led epic on shore of the stream, /
As Emmet and Ma pursue musical dreams…  /
A seeming-lost contest yields shared melody: /
“The Gift of the Magi,” when river meets sea. 

The second commemorates a favorite special from the Muppets: “Emmet Otter’s Jug-Band Christmas.”  Emmet and Ma Otter celebrate the holiday season while remembering Emmet’s dad, Pa Otter.  They each aspire to find a way to give the other a musical instrument, aiming to win a contest with a monetary prize.

The plot ultimately gives rise to its own moving twist on O. Henry’s beautiful “The Gift of the Magi,” closing with the song “When the River Meets the Sea,” written by Paul Williams.  

Last, a marathon viewing each 12/25, /
Where Ralphie’s narration will keep hope alive / 
For the Red Ryder gift with this thing which tells time: /
Another Yule saga, condensed into rhyme.  

And the last celebrates another well-known movie, A Christmas Story.  It is based on author Jean Shepherd’s book In God We Trust: All Others Pay Cash, and Shepherd provides the narration in the voice of protagonist Ralphie, remembering his childhood. 

Since the movie airs on a 24-hour loop each December 25, its lines have long been familiar ones; one of my favorite scenes sees Ralphie wax eloquent in an essay for school about the Red Ryder BB gun he desperately wants for Christmas, hailing its “compass in the stock, and this thing which tells time.”    

A pleasant diversion of holiday means; /
Anapestic tetrameter framing the scenes; / 
A trio of stories in metric compliance. /
Happy New Year to all!  And now back to verse-science.

Anapestic tetrameter is the meter used in the poems by Clement C. Moore and Dr. Seuss, and the name of the meter embodies it (an-a-PEST-ic te-TRA-me-ter), which lets me cite it directly in the closing lines.  I find it very fun, each holiday season, to see the many tributes to this memorable form, “in metric compliance.”  This effort in “framing the scenes” (i.e., the “moving images” of the post’s title) has likewise been a good way to spend some time during the slightly slower season of the winter break.

The New Year will bring both the spring semester and, in these posts, a more formal return to chemistry-themed poetry!

Categories
writing

Traveling Light

Illumine anew, auld lang syne-ing…
The candles and lights realigning;
A beam’s lifelong essence
(Far past phosphorescence):
A window through winter still shining.

This is a rare winter-break post, given a theme that has generally been on my mind as we (here in the Northern Hemisphere) progress toward our longest nights this weekend.  It is a new poem, and it’s not one that would fit neatly into a NaPoWriMo routine, but it does align with some of the concepts discussed here.  I’ll use more space than my typical 280 words in expanding it, as it uses more poetic license than is typical.       

Illumine anew, auld lang syne-ing…  /
The candles and lights realigning.

As we approach the holiday season and the start of a new calendar year, it’s inevitable to dwell in memory at times… to be “auld lang syne-ing,” to adapt a familiar phrase

My family celebrates Christmas, with many traditions centered around candles, lights, and music.  Moreover, having grown up in a parsonage, I remember well how these seasonal traditions fell into the precisely defined details of the liturgical calendar, during my childhood.  The third Sunday of Advent was marked on the Advent wreath by a pink candle, rather than purple, designating it as Gaudete Sunday.  Christmas Eve briefly brought a beautiful luminaria display: spanning the sidewalks approaching the church, promptly removed by the end of the evening.  Our tree and home decorations came down on New Year’s Day, as Epiphany loomed and would mark the start of a stretch of Ordinary Time (not to mention the concurrent return of school-day routines and peak punctuality). 

Reflecting on these traditions (in other words, “realigning” these sources of illumination) gave rise to a tangential memory, but a welcome one, this week.    

A beam’s lifelong essence /
(Far past phosphorescence)…

Different chemical processes involving light can happen on different timescales.  When a molecule absorbs light, it is energetically excited and can take many pathways due to this extra energy.  Two of these pathways involve radiative decay: the excited molecule returns to its ground state by emitting light.  

Two possibilities for this path are called fluorescence and phosphorescence.  Of the two, phosphorescence has a much longer timescale (typically on the order of thousandths of seconds); it occurs much more slowly than fluorescence (typically on the order of millionths of seconds), due to the specific electronic behavior involved. Photochemical lifetime is a term that quantifies how long a molecule exists in the excited state: essentially, how long its glow can be observed.  Both processes described above are quite fleeting, in terms of an everyday frame of reference, but phosphorescence has a lifetime that is thousands of times longer than that of fluorescence. 

The light-related memory that came to mind this week was from years past, so the lifetime in question was far, far longer (to a comical extent) than even that of the relatively slow process of phosphorescence. 

A window through winter still shining.

By the time I reached middle and high school, we lived in a relatively rural area, and so my bus ride on winter mornings was particularly dark.  I remember mentioning once to Mom how much it helped break up the monotony of the ride (and thus alleviate my worry about the upcoming school day), starting back into the January routine, to still see occasional Christmas lights still scattered along the route. 

Our own outdoor lights were relatively simple, lining a window facing the busiest road through town, which happened to be a fixture of the bus route.  I noticed in every subsequent winter after that conversation that the lights stayed up well into the New Year: long, long past the formal start of Ordinary Time.       

Years have gone by since Mom’s passing; many more, since the bus rides.  However, the metaphorical lifetime of that window in winter persists: hundreds of millions of seconds, now; still counting; still shining.   

Categories
STEM Education Poetry

Passing Exams

“Exam week… and last panegyric
Extolling new site of chem lyric: 
A step energizing
In verse-enterprising;
A blue shift, in terms atmospheric!”  

This essay will mark the first time my original limerick will have been written for a different site, as I’ll share new poems on Bluesky, moving forward.  I still am only about halfway through the Twitter poems from last April; thus, next semester will be an interesting blend of Twitter and Bluesky links, before the NaPoWriMo2024 set of poems is fully readdressed via the essays here.  Regardless, this will be my last regular blog entry for Autumn 2024, after a long semester.     

“Exam week… and last panegyric /
Extolling new site of chem lyric…” 

It’s Finals Week on campus, so it’s a logical time to bring the autumn sequence of essays to a close.  My first few Bluesky posts have been rather sporadic, as I get used to the website (the “new site of chem lyric”), but it has been interesting and fun to rediscover other science poetry and creative work there.  I hope to move soon to a focus that’s not merely the novelty of the location, and I’ll designate this poem the “last panegyric,” in support of that aspiration.  

“A step energizing /
In verse-enterprising; /
A blue shift, in terms atmospheric!”  

“Red shift” and “blue shift” are phrases used to efficiently communicate about spectroscopic behaviors of chemical samples (i.e., how do substances interact with various types of light?).  

Red shifts, or bathochromic shifts, are seen when an energy-lowering effect is observed in a spectroscopic environment; blue shifts, or hypsochromic shifts, are seen when an energy-increasing effect is observed in a spectroscopic environment.  This makes sense given the relative behaviors of visible light: in the ROYGBIV rainbow, red light has the lowest energy and longest wavelength, while blue light is much nearer to the other extreme.    

The autumn’s Bluesky shift (the “blue shift, in terms atmospheric”) has been a “step energizing” in terms of my creative writing (“verse-enterprising”), since I had mostly fallen out of that habit, aside from NaPoWriMo, in recent years. 

While it is promising to look toward the hope and potential of the new semester and year, I am certainly glad for December’s break from academic routines, in the meantime.  

Categories
STEM Education Poetry

Matter at Hand

“Clockwise or counter?  
Enantiomeric: 
We note designation as R or S, seen.  
Note how substituents 
Yield structure ‘handed’: 
A configurational naming routine.”

After National Library Week drew to a close, the 14 April 2024 Twitter poem shifted back to a more directly scientific theme, with a focus on a specific concept used to understand the reactivity of organic molecules.  Other posts on this site have engaged with the theme more broadly; this one examined a specific naming convention.    

“Clockwise or counter?  /
Enantiomeric: /
We note designation as R or S, seen…”

Part of learning organic chemistry involves understanding molecules in three-dimensional space.  Stereochemistry is the general discussion of this understanding.  

Within the broad topic of stereochemistry, enantiomeric molecules (enantiomers) are those that are non-superimposable mirror images of one another.  They contain the same atoms connected in the same order, but the implications of their different three-dimensional arrangements can be immense.     

The primary way students describe enantiomers is via the designation R or S, which is a shorthand for how attached atoms or groups are arranged as one sees them on a chiral center, when the least significant attached group is pointing away from the viewer.  

If the other three groups are arranged in a clockwise configuration in terms of their “priority”, the chiral center is designated R (from the Latin term recto, for “right”).  If the other three groups are arranged in a counterclockwise configuration, based on these rules, the chiral center is designated S (from the Latin term sinister, for “left”).    

Other pairs of vocab terms are employed with enantiomers, as well, such as dextrorotatory and levorotatory.  (Part of what is challenging in learning this material can be the lack of overlap across the distinguishing categories, which rely on different classification criteria.)

“Note how substituents /
Yield structure ‘handed’: /
A configurational naming routine.”

Adjusting to three-dimensional viewing can be a challenge.  It typically helps to remind students of the parallels between paired enantiomeric structures and right and left hands.  Just as a pair of hands would be a set of non-superimposable mirror images, so are two enantiomers. 

Classifying molecules as R or S is a “configurational naming routine.”

Categories
writing

Turtle Forward

“Picture-book classic:
Consider the terrapin,
Facing the day 
With defense first miscued;
Learning to balance 
A shell-set employment
With needed steps…
As a wise turtle would do.”

The 12 April 2024 Twitter poem highlighted Turtle Tale, a memorable storybook written by Frank Asch.  This was the last of three story-summarizing poems written during National Library Week 2024.  (In terms of the post title here, the rhyme with “hurtle forward” was both humorous and intriguingly contradictory.)  

“Picture-book classic: /
Consider the terrapin…”

Unlike the novels celebrated earlier here, Turtle Tale is a picture book, highlighting simple images of a “terrapin” learning to navigate the world.  (Author Frank Asch also composed and illustrated many other classics during his career.)  

“Facing the day /
With defense first miscued; /
Learning to balance /
A shell-set employment /
With needed steps…”

In this story, the eponymous Turtle learns when best to use his shell, facing the various hazards of the day.  

Initially, a falling apple strikes him on the head, so he decides to always hide in his shell.  However, he then realizes he cannot eat or drink (his “defense [is] first miscued”), so he fully reverses his resolve.  The storyline continues through a few more “all or nothing” moments, until Turtle strategically deploys his “shell-set employment” at a key moment: hiding from a hungry fox, then re-emerging to face the day, once the danger is past.  

Achieving the balance between stationary, defensive stance and “needed steps” brings Turtle’s story to a satisfying close.  

“As a wise turtle would do.”

Turtle’s refrain as he strives for this happy medium is: “That’s what a wise turtle would do.”  He first applies this characterization to the two extremes (always using the shell; never using the shell) before realizing the wisdom of moderation, at which point the line– now deployed more aptly– closes the book. 

During my childhood, this was one of my and my siblings’ favorite stories, and the status of “wise turtle” became a shorthand for achieving a sensible response to an everyday challenge.  It has been fun to revisit the book, years later, in this setting.  

Categories
writing

Filed Away

“Art to impart,
Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler;
Sculpture donated; museum is set.
Claudia, Jamie
Sort out mixed-up files;
Work’s authentication
Is challenge well-Met.”

The 12 April 2024 Twitter poem continued the theme of National Library Week, with this day’s poem providing an overview of 1968’s Newbery-Award-winning novel: E. L. Konigsburg’s From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler.  

“Art to impart, /
Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler; /
Sculpture donated; museum is set.”

This novel centers around a sculpture donated to the Metropolitan Museum of Art by one Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler.  She has bought it at auction for a small price, and the museum puts it on display, highlighting a key question: whether it might actually be the work of Michelangelo. 

(It was fascinating to learn that Konigsburg drew inspiration from a real-life case in the late 1960s, in which a bust purchased by the museum for under $250 was ultimately attributed to Leonardo da Vinci.)

“Claudia, Jamie / 
Sort out mixed-up files; / 
Work’s authentication / 
Is challenge well-Met.”

Siblings Claudia and Jamie Kincaid are the main characters; they have run away from their elementary-school existence to live at the museum, and they become aware of the mystery of the statue’s origins.  Near the novel’s close, they travel to visit Mrs. Frankweiler, and they investigate her “mixed-up files,” which include the provenance conclusively linking the statue to Michelangelo, allowing the “work’s authentication.”  The challenge is both well-met (since they solve the mystery) and “well-Met” (set primarily in the famous museum).  

This has long been a favorite book.  I learned more recently that Konigsburg worked as a chemist for several years before she turned to writing, and I see several interesting links there, throughout the novel. Certainly, the processes of art authentication often overlap with scientific investigation. More generally, the climactic office scene (in which Claudia and Jamie encounter the files themselves) relies on close observation, creative thinking, and the ability to realize a flash of illumination when it arrives: all key to both science and art. 

Categories
writing

Weaving Work

Spider’s web, wider:
In barn’s early morning,
Illumined in doorway, a
Shining silk grid.  
Charlotte— no starlet;
True friend and good writer— 
A heroine’s artistry
Spotlights ‘some pig.’ ” 

The 11 April 2024 Twitter poem was part of my celebration of National Library Week, and it highlighted E.B. White’s Charlotte’s Web.  

Interestingly, I initially thought of this week’s book-themed poems as distinct from the science-themed verse I generally write. However, White’s prose addresses and alludes to many scientific principles, especially in his detailed discussions of Charlotte A. Cavatica.      

As I’m sure many people could say, I first encountered this story many years ago, as one of my first “chapter books” in school.  I have appreciated knowing E. B. White’s name for decades since, finding his writing invariably reassuring in challenging times.   

“Spider’s web, wider…”

This poem goes in circles a bit, rather than telling a story linearly, but that seems quite appropriate.  Here, the first line is the one that most directly acknowledges the end of the story.  

The meaning of the book’s title expands on several levels: the spider Charlotte weaves words into her web to catalyze a larger plot and save the life of her friend, the pig Wilbur.  As the chapters progress, he is celebrated with many of her creative descriptors, including “TERRIFIC,” “RADIANT,” and “HUMBLE.” 

(Metaphorically, moreover, it would be tough to imagine a library or school that does not recognize this story’s widening influence over time, for beginning readers.)   

“In barn’s early morning, /
Illumined in doorway, a /
Shining silk grid.”  

Most of the story occurs in the Zuckerman family’s barn, where Wilbur meets Charlotte for the first time.  

White acknowledges the sublime in the familiar, throughout his book. One such passage describes the web itself: “On foggy mornings, Charlotte’s web was truly a thing of beauty.  This morning each thin strand was decorated with dozens of tiny beads of water.  The web glistened in the light and made a pattern of loveliness and mystery, like a delicate veil.”  

When I saw this web last autumn, decades after first encountering the book, those words still came immediately to mind.  

“Charlotte— no starlet; /
True friend and good writer— /
A heroine’s artistry /
Spotlights ‘some pig.’”  

Charlotte is the title character of this story, but “no starlet”; her work in supporting protagonist Wilbur stays behind the scenes.

In the novel’s famous closing lines, White writes: “Wilbur never forgot Charlotte.  Although he loved her children and grandchildren dearly, none of the new spiders ever quite took her place in his heart.  She was in a class by herself.  It is not often that someone comes along who is a true friend and a good writer.  Charlotte was both.”    

The last two lines loop back to a happier part of the story, as Charlotte begins her artistic quest to save Wilbur: weaving her initial accolade, “SOME PIG,” into her web; drawing the attention of the local community; ultimately ensuring Wilbur’s newfound fame will mean his long life on the farm. 

Categories
writing

Open Books

“The week underway: celebrating
Books, libraries, tomes; elevating 
The frigates poetic.  
Next few posts’ aesthetic:
Some classics, verse-commemorating.”

The 10 April 2024 Twitter limerick began a new set of themed posts, as the week of the total solar eclipse was also National Library Week 2024!  This first poem simply introduced the week-in-progress, while each of the next three posts summarized a specific story.  

“The week underway: celebrating /
Books, libraries, tomes…”

The first two lines of the limerick shifted focus to National Library Week and noted that it was already underway.  The motto for this year’s event was “Ready, Set, Library.”  

“[E]levating / The frigates poetic…”

The third line referenced Emily Dickinson’s much more memorable celebration of the “books, libraries, tomes” alluded to previously: “There is no Frigate like a Book / To take us Lands away.”  (I am sure I am one of many who encountered that particular term for the first time in her poem, reinforcing her verse’s overall theme.)  

This in turn reminded me of one of the previous spring’s posts, which had highlighted a comparable quote by Anna Quindlen: “Books are the plan, and the train, and the road.  They are the destination, and the journey.  They are home.”  

“Next few posts’ aesthetic: /
Some classics, verse-commemorating.”

“Pro-book” is not a particularly surprising or novel (ha) stance to take, but I will always welcome the opportunity to deliberately revisit some favorite stories in this space, and the subsequent three Twitter poems were fun to write.  I similarly look forward to writing in more detail about them here, this month.  

The last two lines set up the goals for the rest of the week, in which the poems would aim to “verse-commemorate” some of my favorite classic books from years past.  

Categories
writing

Poetic Policy

In the midst of autumn hectic,
I am pondering eclectic
(With most lines acatalectic)
For October-posting goal. 
In the meetings by the dozens
Re: the calendar discussions,
Hear the essay repercussions 
Where extent exerts control:
Whence the structure, on the whole? 

This is a non-Twitter poem for which the general theme has been running through my mind since the late summer.  It uses the structure of a stanza of Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Raven,” which the author contextualizes from start to finish in his absorbing essay entitled “The Philosophy of Composition.”  

For my part, this homage comments on some of the discussions I’ve heard in academic meetings in the past few months.  Since the poem didn’t have the Twitter constraint of 280 characters, I’ll give myself some more flexibility, with a 560-word limit, starting here.   

In the midst of autumn hectic, /
I am pondering eclectic /
(With most lines acatalectic.) /
For October-posting goal….

This essay will “ponder… [the] eclectic” more than typical chem-specific posts here do. The “lines acatalectic” seem particularly suited for this specific “October-posting goal”: few poems have as distinctive a syllabic rhyme scheme as Poe’s “The Raven.”  It is a fun challenge to match the structure.  

In the meetings by the dozens /
Re: the calendar discussions, /
Hear the essay repercussions /
Where extent exerts control…

Several of this semester’s committee meetings (but not, in all prosaic fairness, anywhere near dozens of them!) have involved discussions about future years’ academic calendars.

What I found initially counter-intuitive, but quickly convincing, is that the first step must be the choice regarding the actual calendar adjustment, before the substance of what that adjustment entails can be thoroughly discussed.  This is because many long-term, high-stakes campus plans— class modules, athletic teams’ schedules— hinge on what the calendar looks like in the first place.  The timescale for changing the calendar (years in advance) is longer than the timescale for using it (months or weeks in advance).  

When the pertinent conversations began, they thus suggested “essay repercussions,” as I was reminded of “The Philosophy of Composition,” in which Edgar Allan Poe recounts his writing process for “The Raven.”  His essay highlights some similarly unexpected points.  

For instance, rather than the metric feet used, or the scene depicted, or the voice of the narrator– all of which are quite famous– the fundamental requirement that Poe discusses is simply the poem’s length: “The initial consideration was that of extent.”  He comments that the poem should be read all at once to achieve maximum effect: “If two sittings be required, the affairs of the world interfere, and everything like totality is at once destroyed.”  Soon after follow similarly broad discussions of effect (“beauty is the sole legitimate province of the poem”) and tone (“one of sadness”).  

It is only after those three big-picture choices that Poe addresses what I would’ve initially thought to be more vivid inspirations: the raven itself, the bird’s “Nevermore” refrain, and the story of the narrator and Lenore.  And likewise, it is only after THAT discussion that Poe notes that he “may as well say a few words of the versification.”  The logistics of the intricate rhymes, employing trochaic feet in a primarily (but not entirely) “octametre acatalectic” scheme, are presented almost as an afterthought. 

When I first encountered this essay, I was surprised to learn that the dramatic saga of the “midnight dreary” finds its primary origin in a line-count requirement.  

Whence the structure, on the whole? 

In terms of this post, I’ll keep my focus on the comparison between poem and calendar.  It is interesting to see how “extent exerts control” in both literary work and academic planning, as the defining first principle.  The overall shapes of both works under consideration (“the structure[s], on the whole”) rely on eminently practical starting points.  

More broadly, it is fascinating to revisit such a generously retrosynthetic analysis of a poem.  Doing so evokes some chemistry themes generally: the creative process versus the final work, the varied ways in which “micro” elements combine to yield “macro” effects, and other themes I’ve enjoyed exploring in this space.  I expect I will return to Poe’s essay in the future.